Book 1 of Plato's Republic. Drew A. Mannetter
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particles (S. 2821) (D. γϵ, pg. 157). The enclitic loses its accent after the oxytone πρός (S. 183.a).
πρός: The preposition is used as an adverb (S. 1694.4). The oxytone, followed by an enclitic, retains its accent and does not change from the acute to grave (S. 154.a).
παννυχίδα: Accusative direct object of ποιήσουσιν (S. 1554). The noun lacks an article (S. 1126).
ποιήσουσιν: Third person, plural, future, active, indicative of ποιέω (S. 390). The subject ἐκϵῖνοι (there is no true antecedent so translate “they”) is not expressed but implied in the verb (S. 931). Main verb of the complex sentence (S. 2173). The moveable -ν is added to words ending in -σι at the end of a clause (S. 135).
ἣν ἄξιον θϵάσασθαι: Relative clause (S. 2488-2573).
ἣν: Singular, feminine, accusative relative pronoun used substantively; the antecedent is παννυχίδα (S. 338, 2501). Accusative direct object of the infinitive θϵάσασθαι (S. 1554, 1967).
ἄξιον {ἐστί) = (ἄξιόν ἐστι)}: Singular, neuter, nominative predicate adjective modifying θϵάσασθαι after the supplied verb ἐστι (S. 1041). ἐστι: Supply ἐστι with the neuter adjective to form a quasi-impersonal phrase meaning “it is worthy” (S. 944, 948, 1985).
θϵάσασθαι: Aorist, deponent infinitive of θϵάομαι (S. 385). The infinitive functions as the subject of the quasi-impersonal expression ἄξιον (S. 1985). The aorist tense of the infinitive denotes simple occurrence (S. 1865.b).
ἐξαναστησόμϵθα γὰρ μϵτὰ τὸ δϵῖπνον καὶ τὴν παννυχίδα θϵασόμϵθα καὶ ξυνϵσόμϵθά τϵ πολλοῖς τῶν νέων αὐτόθι καὶ διαλϵξόμϵθα. (328.a)
| αὐτόθι: on the spot.γάρ: for.δϵῖπνον, -ου, τό: meal, evening meal.διαλέγομαι: to talk, discuss.ἐξανίστημι: to rise up, stand up from one’s seat.θϵάομαι: to gaze at, view, behold, view as a spectator.καί: and. | μϵτά (+ acc.): after.νέος, -ου, ὁ: a young man.ξύνϵιμι: to be with, join with.παννυχίς, -ίδος, ἡ: a night-festival, vigil.πολλοί, -ῶν, οἱ: many men, a great number of men.τϵ … καί: and. |
ἐξαναστησόμϵθα: First person, plural, future, passive, indicative of ἐξαναίστημι (S. 420). Main verb of the (first) simple coordinate clause: ἐξαναστησόμϵθα … δϵῖπνον (S. 2162). The subject ἡμϵῖς is not expressed but implied in the verb; the nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190).
γὰρ: Postpositive particle; causal γάρ, as a conjunction, serves to introduce a cause of, or a reason for, an action before mentioned; to justify a preceding utterance; to confirm the truth of a previous statement (S. 2810). Denniston suggests that it here marks an ellipse of “and we can conveniently do so, (for)” (D. γάρ, pg. 62).
μϵτὰ τὸ δϵῖπνον: Prepositional phrase; μϵτά with the accusative here means “after” (S. 1691.1.3). τὸ: The article is very often omitted in phrases containing a preposition but not here (S. 1128).
καὶ: The conjunction connects the first and second coordinate clauses (S. 2868).
τὴν παννυχίδα: Accusative direct object of θϵασόμϵθα (S. 1554).
θϵασόμϵθα: First person, plural, future, deponent, indicative of θϵάομαι (S. 385). Main verb of the (second) simple coordinate clause: τὴν … θϵασόμϵθα (S. 2162). The subject ἡμϵῖς is not expressed but implied in the verb; the nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190).
καὶ: The conjunction connects the second and third coordinate clauses (S. 2868).
ξυνϵσόμϵθά: First person, plural, future, indicative of ξύνϵιμι (S. 768). Main verb of the (third) simple coordinate clause: ξυνϵσόμϵθά … αὐτόθι (S. 2162). The subject ἡμϵῖς is not expressed but implied in the verb; the nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190). The acute accent on the ultima syllable is thrown back from the following enclitic τϵ (S. 183.c).
τϵ … καὶ: The conjunction connects the third and fourth coordinate clauses (S. 2868). τϵ: The anticipatory particle τϵ is often separated from καί by one or more words (S. 2974). When the postpositive particle is preparatory, it is normally placed second in the sentence or clause (D. τϵ, pg. 515). The enclitic throws back its accent onto the previous proparoxytone (S. 183.c).
πολλοῖς: Plural, masculine, dative adjective used substantively without the article (S. 1021, 1130). Dative object of the compound verb ξυνϵσόμϵθά (S. 1544).
τῶν νέων: Partitive genitive with πολλοῖς standing after the substantive (S. 1306).
αὐτόθι: Adverb of place (S. 342, 1094).
διαλϵξόμϵθα: First person, plural, future, deponent, indicative of διαλέγομαι (S. 383). Main verb of the (fourth) simple coordinate clause: διαλϵξόμϵθα (S. 2162). The subject ἡμϵῖς is not expressed but implied in the verb; the nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190).
ἀλλὰ μένϵτϵ καὶ μὴ ἄλλως ποιϵῖτϵ. καὶ ὁ Γλαύκων, ῎Εοικϵν, ἔφη, μϵνϵτέον ϵἶναι. (328.a-b)
| ἀλλά: oh but do, come, come now.ἄλλως: otherwise, differently.Γλαύκων, -ωνος, ὁ: Glaucon.ϵἰμί: to be.ἔοικϵ: it is fitting, right, seemly, reasonable.καί: and. | μϵνϵτέον: one must remain.μένω: to stay, tarry, remain.μή: (do) not.ποιέω: to do, act.φημί: to say. |
ἀλλὰ: The adversative conjunction connects this sentence with the previous one; it is often used before commands (S. 2784.c). It here marks a transition from arguments for action to a statement of the action required (D. ἀλλά, pg. 14).
μένϵτϵ: Second person, plural, present, active imperative of μένω (S. 383). Main verb of the (first) simple coordinate clause: ἀλλὰ μένϵτϵ (S. 2162). The present tense of the imperative denotes continued action (S. 1864.a). The subject ὑμϵῖς is not expressed but implied in the verb; the nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190). The present tense of the imperative denotes continued action (S. 1864.a).
καὶ: The conjunction connects the two coordinate clauses (S. 2868).
μὴ … ποιϵῖτϵ: Negative imperative (S. 1840). μὴ: The negative adverb μή is used in negative imperatives (S. 2689). ποιϵῖτϵ: Second person, plural, present, active, imperative of ποιέω (S. 385). Main verb of the (second) simple coordinate clause: μὴ … ποιϵῖτϵ (S. 2162). In the second person, prohibitions are expressed with μή and the present imperative (as here) or the aorist subjunctive (S. 1840). The subject ὑμϵῖς is not expressed but implied in the verb; the nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190). Although there